Ghost Residents  ·  No. 013  ·  Issue No. 1

It Was Illegal to Teach
Enslaved People to Read.
She Sent Her Granddaughter Anyway.

That granddaughter became the first Black Army nurse in American history.

13 New Street / Bay Lane, Savannah, Georgia
City Directory Confirmed
Photograph coming soon
13 New Street / Bay Lane  ·  Savannah, Georgia

In the 1850s it was illegal in Georgia to teach an enslaved person to read or write. Dolly Reed knew that. And she sent her granddaughter to school anyway.

Dolly Reed was a laundress in Savannah. She washed other people's clothes for wages. She could not read or write herself. But she understood that her granddaughter Susie would need to read to survive. Half a mile from her house on Bay Lane lived a free woman of color named Mrs. Mary Woodhouse. Mrs. Woodhouse ran a school inside her home. Twenty-five to thirty children. Taught every day. Hidden in plain sight.

Every morning Susie and her brother left with their books wrapped in paper so no one could see what they were carrying. They entered one at a time through the gate and down to the kitchen where the schoolroom was.

The Estill's Savannah Directory confirms Mary H.E. Woodhouse at Bay Lane at the lane three west of Price Street — the exact location described in Susie King Taylor's own memoir. Susie escaped slavery in 1862, became the first Black Army nurse in American history, and wrote the first memoir published by a Black woman about the Civil War. It started in a kitchen on Bay Lane. No markers anywhere in Savannah for either woman.

A free Black woman ran a secret school in a kitchen on Bay Lane. It was illegal. The Estill's Savannah Directory confirms the address. Susie King Taylor's memoir confirms the school.
25To 30 children taught daily in the secret kitchen school
1862Susie King Taylor escaped slavery on a Union gunboat
0Markers for Dolly Reed or Mary Woodhouse anywhere in Savannah
Mary Woodhouse 35 Bay Lane Census
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Mary Woodhouse · 35 Bay Lane · Census Record
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THE RECORD Primary Source
Primary source document
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Estill's Savannah Directory · Pages 212-213
NameWoodhouse Mary H E
Racecol'd
Addressr as Bay at lane 3 w of Price
Cross-referenceSusie King Taylor memoir 1902
NoteExact location described in memoir confirmed
Primary Source Citation
Estill's Savannah Directory · Pages 212-213 · Woodhouse Mary H E, col'd, r as Bay at lane 3 w of Price · Entry read directly · Cross-referenced with Susie King Taylor memoir 1902 · DEED History, April 2026
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